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  • 321 Stark St, Randolph WI 53956

Drilling Fluids

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Professional Drilling Fluids & Mud Systems

Bentonite, Polymer Additives & Technical Support for HDD & Water Well Drilling

Drillworx supplies professional drilling fluids and mud additives for HDD, water well, and directional drilling contractors. From premium Wyoming sodium bentonite to specialized polymer additives, we provide the complete range of drilling fluid products along with technical expertise to help you design optimal mud programs for your ground conditions.

Proper drilling fluid selection is critical for successful drilling projects. Whether you're working in clay, sand, gravel, or rock formations, we maintain an extensive inventory of over 100 drilling fluid products -- including bentonite, polymers, loss circulation materials, grout, sealants, and specialty additives -- to help you maintain borehole stability, remove cuttings efficiently, and complete projects successfully. Our technical team provides mud engineering support to help contractors optimize their drilling fluid programs with specific mixing ratios and concentrations for each formation type. Contact us for our complete product catalog and current availability.

Drilling Fluids We Stock at Drillworx

Bentonite
  • • CETCO Premium Gel (704-0238)
  • • Extra High Yield (704-0960)
  • • CETCO Super Gel X (704-0237)
  • • 50lb Bags / Pallet Qty
  • • NSF Certified Available
  • ...and more bentonite options
Polymers
  • • Platinum PAC 25lb (704-0156)
  • • REL-PAC 25lb (704-0155)
  • • Insta-Vis Plus (704-0169)
  • • DuoVis/SuperVis (704-0247)
  • • Sand Force NSF (704-0252)
  • ...plus additional polymers
Specialty Products
  • • Clay Cutter Pro (704-0135)
  • • N-SEAL (704-0095)
  • • EZ MUD Gold (704-0146)
  • • Platinum D-D (704-0157)
  • • M-I-X-2 LCM (704-0203)
  • ...and more specialty products
Lubricants & Additives
  • • Slick Bore 54 (704-0207+)
  • • Versa-Foam (704-0249)
  • • Soda Ash (701-0131)
  • • Loresco Powerset (704-0021)
  • • BH20 Grout (704-0020)
  • ...plus more additives

Showing a sample of our drilling fluid inventory. We stock over 100 drilling fluid products from CETCO, Baroid, M-I SWACO, and more. Call for our complete catalog and current availability.

Bentonite Drilling Mud

Premium sodium bentonite for HDD, water well, and foundation drilling. Wyoming supplies approximately 70% of the world's bentonite due to its exceptional purity and natural sodium base.

Premium Bentonite SUPER GEL (High-Yield)

  • Yield: 150-220 bbl/ton (produces ~8,500 gal of 30-35 cP mud per ton)
  • Typical Mix: 50 lb per 300 gal water (~16-17 lb/100 gal) for 30-35 sec Marsh funnel
  • Superior swelling capacity - absorbs many times its dry weight in water
  • Forms thin, impermeable filter cake on borehole walls
  • Lower solids content for a given viscosity vs. standard bentonite
  • Excellent gel strength for cuttings suspension
  • NSF-certified options available for potable water well construction
  • Available in 50 lb bags and bulk
  • We stock multiple high-yield bentonite products -- call for our full selection

Standard API Bentonite

  • Yield: ~90 bbl/ton (API-grade specification)
  • Typical Mix: 25-30 lb per 100 gal for similar viscosity
  • Cost-effective for general drilling applications
  • Good viscosity building properties
  • Suitable for soft to medium formations
  • Multiple grades available for specific applications
  • Bulk delivery options for large projects
  • Technical data sheets and mixing guides provided
  • Additional bentonite grades available including Max Gel, Max Bore HDD, Quik Gel, Bore Gel, and more
Bentonite Chemistry & Hydration

Bentonite (montmorillonite clay) consists of stacked platelets that peel apart as water molecules penetrate. Proper hydration requires: pH 8.5-9.0 (treat water with soda ash first), adequate mixing time (20-30 minutes for full yield), and vigorous agitation. Cold water slows hydration - warm water above 50°F is preferred. Never add polymers until bentonite is fully hydrated or they will encapsulate clay particles and prevent proper swelling.

Polymer Additives

Specialized polymers for ground-specific drilling fluid optimization. Proper mixing sequence: PAC first, then PHPA, then HMW viscosifiers.

PAC Polymers (Polyanionic Cellulose)

  • Primary Function: Fluid loss control
  • Typical Dose: 0.5-2 lb per 100 gal (0.25-1.0 lb/bbl)
  • Forms thin, low-permeability filter cake
  • Reduces API filtrate to <15 mL/30 min
  • Essential for sandy and gravelly formations
  • Prevents hole collapse in permeable zones
  • Available in low-viscosity grades (minimal rheology impact)
  • Add first after bentonite is hydrated
  • We carry Platinum PAC, REL-PAC, Super PAC, Quik Trol, and more

PHPA Polymers (Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide)

  • Primary Function: Shale inhibition and clay stabilization
  • Typical Dose: 0.25-1.25 lb per 100 gal (0.1-0.5% by weight)
  • Encapsulates cuttings to prevent swelling
  • Essential for reactive clay/shale formations
  • Provides lubrication - reduces torque and drag
  • Prevents bit balling in sticky clays
  • Available as dry powder or liquid emulsion
  • Add slowly - tends to clump ("fish-eye") if dumped too fast
  • Add second after PAC polymers
  • Products include EZ MUD, EZ MUD Gold, PolyPlus, DrillPlex, and more

HMW/Xanthan Polymers (Viscosifiers)

  • Primary Function: Boost gel strength and low-shear viscosity
  • Typical Dose: ~0.25 lb per 100 gal (0.1-0.5 lb/bbl)
  • Suspends heavy cuttings without excessive pump pressure
  • Ideal for cobble, sand, and gravel formations
  • Xanthan creates robust thixotropic gel structure
  • Maintains pumpability while improving suspension
  • Available in liquid and dry powder forms
  • Add last after other polymers are dispersed
  • We stock DuoVis/SuperVis, Insta-Vis, Sand Force, Suspend-It, and more

Specialty Drilling Fluid Additives

Lost Circulation Materials (LCM)
  • Fibrous: Shredded cellulose, coconut coir, mineral fiber
  • Flake: Mica flakes, cellophane
  • Granular: Ground walnut shells, calcium carbonate
  • Usage: 2-6% by volume for background maintenance
  • Use blend of fine, medium, and coarse particles for best sealing
  • Essential for fractured rock and karst topography
  • Pump as concentrated pill for severe losses
  • Keep reserve of thick bentonite + LCM ready on site
  • We carry multiple LCM products including M-I-X-2, Magma Fiber, Kwik Plug, and more -- call for availability
Water Treatment & pH Control
  • Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate): ~0.25 lb per 300 gal raises pH from 7 to 8.5
  • Precipitates calcium hardness from makeup water
  • Always add BEFORE bentonite for proper clay hydration
  • Caustic Soda: For fine pH adjustments (use sparingly)
  • Target pH: 8.0-9.0 for optimal bentonite and polymer performance
  • Test pH at least once per shift with strips or meter
  • pH below 8.0 reduces bentonite yield and polymer effectiveness
  • pH above 10 can weaken gel and degrade some polymers
  • We stock soda ash, muriatic acid, chlorine products, and more -- ask about our full water treatment line
Lubricants & Surfactants
  • Drilling Detergent: 1-4 gal per 1000 gal mud (0.1-0.5% by volume)
  • Reduces friction, torque, and drag in long HDD bores
  • Prevents clay from sticking to metal (bit balling)
  • Helps carry cuttings by reducing surface tension
  • Can reduce friction by 10-30%
  • Biodegradable vegetable oil-based options available
  • Add last in mixing sequence after all polymers
  • Products include Slick Bore 54, Con Det, Drill-Terge, Penetrol, and more
Defoamers & Specialty Products
  • Defoamers: Few ounces per 100 gal as needed
  • Silicone emulsion or alcohol-based formulations
  • Add to pit (not hopper) when foam appears
  • Barite (Weighting Agent): For abnormal pressure zones only
  • Raises mud weight from 8.3 to 9.5 ppg: ~80-100 lb per barrel
  • Rarely needed for typical HDD/water well applications
  • Chemical Breakers: Bleach ~0.5 gal/1000 gal to break polymers for disposal
  • Additional specialty products available -- contact us for our full product line

Drilling Fluid Mixing Best Practices

Proper Mixing Sequence
  1. Water Treatment: Test pH and hardness. Add soda ash (~0.25 lb/300 gal) to reach pH 8.5-9.0
  2. Bentonite: Slowly sift into vortex of mixer. A 50-lb bag should take several minutes to add properly
  3. Hydration: Circulate 20-30 minutes until viscosity stabilizes. Full yield may take longer in cold water
  4. PAC Polymer: Add slowly through hopper after bentonite is hydrated (if using)
  5. PHPA Polymer: Add very slowly or pre-mix in bucket. Never dump - will form "fish-eyes"
  6. Viscosifier: Add xanthan or HMW polymer last if additional gel strength needed
  7. Specialty: Lubricants, defoamer, and LCM added last after thorough mixing

Critical: Adding polymers before bentonite is fully hydrated causes balling and reduces yield. One additive at a time, allowing each to fully disperse.

Target Specifications by Formation
FormationMarsh FunnelNotes
Clay/Shale35-45 secThinner - formation adds solids
Fine Sand40-45 secNormal conditions
Coarse Sand55-65 secHigher for cuttings transport
Gravel65-75 secNeed strong gel strength
Cobbles75-85+ secMaximum viscosity + LCM
Hard Rock35-45 secLower solids, add lubricant
  • Fresh Water Baseline: 26 seconds Marsh funnel at 70°F
  • pH Level: Maintain 8.0-9.0 range (check every shift)
  • Mud Weight: Typically 8.5-9.5 ppg (avoid excess solids)
  • Fluid Loss: Target <15 mL API filtrate with PAC treatment
  • Gel Strength: 10-min gel of 5-15 lbf/100ft² for most applications

Formation-Specific Fluid Programs

Detailed mud programs with specific concentrations for each formation type:

Clay & Shale (Reactive Formations)

Base Mix (per 300 gal):

  • 50 lb bentonite (16-20 lb/100 gal) for 30-35 sec base viscosity
  • 3-4 quarts liquid PHPA to raise to 40-45 sec and inhibit swelling
  • 0.5 lb/bbl PAC for thin filter cake
  • Optional: 2-5% KCl for extreme reactivity (check regulations)

Target: pH 8.5, Marsh funnel 35-45 sec, low fluid loss

Strategy: Keep mud relatively thin - formation clays will add viscosity. PHPA encapsulates cuttings to prevent swelling and bit balling. Consider switching to pure polymer (no bentonite) when entering target aquifer zone to avoid plugging.

Sand & Gravel (Unconsolidated)

Base Mix (per 300 gal):

  • 75-100 lb bentonite (25-33 lb/100 gal) for 45-55 sec base
  • PAC polymer for fluid loss control (critical for wall cake)
  • Light PHPA dose to bind loose fines
  • Optional: Fibrous LCM for highly permeable gravel

Target: Marsh funnel 55-65 sec (coarse sand), 65-75 sec (gravel)

Strategy: Build viscosity high - start thick, easier to thin than fight collapse. PAC tightens filter cake to seal sand pores rapidly. Surfactant helps mud penetrate and seal. Monitor for fluid loss - if returns drop, boost viscosity and pump thick sweep.

Hard Rock Formations

Base Mix (per 300 gal):

  • 50 lb bentonite for moderate 35-45 sec viscosity
  • Xanthan polymer for gel strength (suspends heavy chips)
  • Lubricant (1-2% drilling surfactant) to reduce friction
  • LCM ready for fractured zones

Target: Marsh funnel 35-45 sec, good gel strength, low pump pressure

Strategy: Lower viscosity reduces pump pressure and fracture risk. Rock is self-supporting so high viscosity unnecessary. Focus on cooling bit and transporting heavy cuttings. Use polymer viscosifier for gel without excessive funnel viscosity. Watch for sudden lost circulation in fractures.

Cobbles & Boulders

Base Mix (per 300 gal):

  • 100-150+ lb bentonite (50+ lb/100 gal) - maximum viscosity
  • Xanthan or attapulgite for extreme gel strength
  • Fibrous LCM (straw fibers, shredded paper, manufactured fiber)
  • May need 3+ bags per 500 gal tank

Target: Marsh funnel 75-85+ sec (pudding-like consistency)

Strategy: Maximum gel and bridging. Thick mud forms plastery filter cake that bridges between cobbles and fills voids. High gel suspends cobbles when circulation stops. Fibrous LCM creates mat to stabilize loose stones. Expect high pump pressure - monitor to avoid fracturing nearby weak layers. Keep large bentonite reserve - these sections consume materials rapidly.

Troubleshooting Common Problems

Insufficient Viscosity or Gel

Symptoms: Mud thinner than expected, bentonite not yielding

Causes: Low pH, hard water, cold water, inadequate mixing time

Solutions:

  • Check pH - add soda ash if below 8.0 (viscosity often "jumps" when pH corrected)
  • Allow more hydration time - warm water hydrates faster
  • Add more bentonite or polymer viscosifier
  • Verify correct bentonite amount was added
Excessive Viscosity / High Pump Pressure

Symptoms: Mud too thick, pump straining, slow penetration

Causes: Too much bentonite/polymer, drilled fines accumulation, clay contamination

Solutions:

  • Dilute with treated fresh water (10-20% increments, recheck)
  • Remove drilled solids with shakers/desanders if available
  • Check for blocked jets or lines
  • SAPP thinner as last resort (use sparingly - increases fluid loss)
Lost Circulation / No Returns

Symptoms: Mud level drops, return flow stops or diminishes

Causes: Hit void/fracture, outran fluid, frac-out to surface

Solutions:

  • Stop and check for surface frac-outs (mud appearing where it shouldn't)
  • Mix thick LCM pill (high-viscosity bentonite + fibrous material)
  • In emergency: sawdust or shredded paper can help plug voids
  • Pump gently to let LCM pack in, then resume normal mud
  • Always maintain reserve of thick bentonite + LCM on site
Clay Balling on Bit/BHA

Symptoms: Sticky clay adhering to bit, stabilizers, or rods forming large masses

Causes: Reactive clay with inadequate inhibition, mud too thick/gelled

Solutions:

  • Increase PHPA concentration for better clay inhibition
  • Add drilling detergent/surfactant (prevents clay sticking to metal)
  • Reduce viscosity slightly if excessively high
  • Increase annular velocity to physically scour bit clean
Clumps or "Fish Eyes" in Mud

Symptoms: Gelatinous lumps, unhydrated polymer balls

Causes: Added polymer/bentonite too fast, cold water, poor agitation

Solutions:

  • Strain out lumps through screen if possible
  • Pre-mix dry polymers in bucket before adding to tank
  • Slow down addition rate - pour steadily into vortex
  • Use warmer water (above 50°F) for better hydration
Foam or Air in Mud

Symptoms: Frothy mud, reduced density and lifting power

Causes: Certain polymers, air drilling assist, leaky pump seals

Solutions:

  • Add defoamer to pit (few ounces per 100 gal as needed)
  • Check for leaky pump seals or plungers sucking air
  • Reduce mixing speed to minimize vortex aeration
  • Pre-dilute foamy polymers with defoamer drop before adding

Environmental & Disposal Considerations

Responsible handling of drilling fluids ensures minimal environmental impact:

Non-Toxic, Biodegradable Components
  • Bentonite: Natural clay - improves soil nutrient retention when land-applied
  • PAC: Cellulose-derived, biodegradable plant fiber
  • PHPA: Common agricultural soil conditioner, considered safe
  • Xanthan: Natural gum, readily digested by bacteria
  • Choose vegetable oil-based lubricants over mineral oil
  • Many products now NSF-certified for potable water well use
Containment & Recycling
  • Contain circulating mud in tanks or lined pits
  • Use mud recycling systems (shakers, desanders) when available
  • Settle out cuttings - handle solids separately from liquid
  • De-water spent mud with flocculants (alum, gypsum) for easier disposal
  • Chemical breakers (bleach ~0.5 gal/1000 gal) degrade polymers
  • Clarified water may be reusable (check local regulations)
Disposal Methods
  • Land Application: Often allowed - bentonite improves soil texture
  • Spread in thin layers, mix with topsoil
  • Ensure no harmful chemicals (diesel, heavy metals) in mud
  • Never dump in storm drains or natural water bodies
  • Solidify with sawdust, fly ash, or lime if needed for transport
  • Consult local regulations - some require testing before disposal
Site Cleanup Best Practices
  • Clean all mud pits/sumps after drilling (dried bentonite forms hard crust)
  • Check for inadvertent returns (frac-outs) and clean affected areas
  • Vacuum or pump excess fluids for containerized removal
  • Clean mud from roadways promptly (dried mud is slick and dusty)
  • Use straw bales or silt fences to catch surfacing mud during pullback
  • Keep MSDS sheets for all additives on site

Why Contractors Choose Drillworx for Drilling Fluids

Premium Wyoming Bentonite

High-yield sodium bentonite from trusted suppliers - superior swelling and gel properties

Complete Product Range

Full selection of polymers, LCM, pH control, lubricants, and specialty additives

Technical Mud Support

Expert guidance on mixing ratios, concentrations, and formation-specific programs

Bags & Bulk Delivery

50 lb bags for smaller jobs, bulk delivery options for large projects

Get Expert Drilling Fluid Solutions

Talk to our drilling fluid specialists about your ground conditions and project requirements. We'll help you design the optimal mud program with specific mixing ratios and concentrations for successful drilling. We carry a full range of drilling fluid products beyond what's listed here -- call or request a quote for our complete catalog.

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